Questioning the Reciprocal Effects Model of Academic Self-Concept and Achievement: A Reanalysis of a Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies and a Simulation
A recent meta-analysis claimed to provide evidence that academic self-concept and achievement have reciprocal prospective effects on each other (reciprocal effects model).However, cottonmouth 3.5 high shirt prospective effects were estimated while adjusting for a prior measurement of the outcome, and this method is susceptible to spurious findings